The geography of Peru is one of the most complex and diverse. Peru is located in the central and western part of South America (UTM N7970840.422, E552505.422; ZONE 19). It is formed by a territory of a continental surface of 1.285.215,60 km ² of surface, which represents the 0.87% of the planet, that are distributed in coastal region 136,232,85 km ² (10,6%), Andean region 404,842,91 Km² (31.5%) and Amazon region 754,139.84 km² (57.9%); the northern end of Peru the Putumayo River is 0º02’00 “south latitude, the southern end is located on the seafront in Tacna to 18º21’03” south latitude; The eastern end is on the Heathen Madre de Dios river at 68º39’00 “west longitude and the western extremity is at Punta Balcones in Piura at 81 ° 19’35”.

The highest peak of Peru is the Huascarán in the Cordillera Blanca, with a height of 6,768 msnm; The deepest area is the Cotahuasi Canyon, even surpassing the famous Colorado Canyon; The longest river in Peru is the Ucayali River (tributary of the Amazon River with 1,771km in length; the highest lake in the world is Lake Titicaca in Puno / Bolivia with 8,380 km² and the largest island in the Peruvian coast is La Isla San Lorenzo in Callao with 16.48 km². it is the third largest country in South America. would exercise sovereignty over part of Antarctica due to the projection of its coasts, but pleaded not complaining country.

Geologically, Peru is a young country in much of its territory. 42% of its surface, the Andean system and the coast, arose in the Mesozoic Era, 130 to 65 million years ago, as a result of the tectonic uprisings provoked by the subduction of the Nazca plate on the South American plate.

It rises on a territory affected by subduction of the oceanic plate of Nazca under the South American continent. The intensity of the clash between the two mass produced, from the Tertiary the Andes, a spectacular and almost unique mountain system that structures the country in three very different geographical regions: coast, highlands and jungle or mountain.